What is dysmenorrhea?
Dysmenorrhea is a medical term used to describe painful menstrual periods or menstrual cramps. It is a common condition experienced by many women during their reproductive years. The pain typically occurs in the lower abdomen or pelvis and may radiate to the lower back or thighs.
There are two types of dysmenorrhea:
● Primary Dysmenorrhea:
This is the most common type of dysmenorrhea and usually begins within a few years after a woman starts menstruating. It is not caused by any underlying medical condition and is related to the normal process of menstruation. Primary dysmenorrhea is thought to be caused by the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that cause the uterus to contract and shed its lining. Symptoms usually start a day or two before menstruation and last for 2-3 days.
● Secondary Dysmenorrhea:
This type of dysmenorrhea is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, or adenomyosis. Secondary dysmenorrhea typically begins later in life, often in the 20s or 30s, and the pain may worsen over time. In addition to menstrual cramps, women with secondary dysmenorrhea may experience other symptoms related to the underlying condition, such as heavy or irregular periods, pain during intercourse, or infertility.
Treatment options for dysmenorrhea depend on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are often effective in managing mild to moderate pain. For more severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger pain medications or hormonal contraceptives, which can help reduce the intensity of menstrual cramps. Lifestyle changes like regular exercise, applying heat to the abdomen, and stress reduction techniques may also provide relief. If an underlying medical condition is causing secondary dysmenorrhea, addressing that condition is usually the primary focus of treatment.
Types of dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea can be classified into two main types: primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea.
Primary Dysmenorrhea:
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common type and refers to menstrual pain that occurs without any underlying medical conditions. It typically begins a year or two after a girl starts menstruating and continues throughout her reproductive years. The exact cause of primary dysmenorrhea is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that cause the uterus to contract and shed its lining during menstruation.
Symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea include:
■ Cramping pain in the lower abdomen that may radiate to the lower back or thighs.
■ Dull or throbbing pain that typically starts a day or two before menstruation and lasts for 2-3 days.
■ Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or headaches may also accompany the pain in some cases.
Secondary Dysmenorrhea:
Secondary dysmenorrhea is characterized by menstrual pain that is caused by an underlying medical condition. It usually begins later in life, often in the 20s or 30s. Unlike primary dysmenorrhea, the pain associated with secondary dysmenorrhea may worsen over time.
Various conditions can lead to secondary dysmenorrhea, including:
■ Endometriosis:
A condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of it.
■ Uterine fibroids:
Noncancerous growths in the uterus.
■ Adenomyosis:
The presence of endometrial tissue within the muscular walls of the uterus.
■ Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):
An infection of the reproductive organs.
■ Ovarian cysts:
Fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries.
■ Cervical stenosis:
Narrowing of the cervix, which can impede the flow of menstrual blood.
In secondary dysmenorrhea, the pain is often accompanied by other symptoms specific to the underlying condition, such as heavy or irregular periods, pain during intercourse, or infertility.
It's important to consult with a healthcare provider if you experience severe or worsening menstrual pain or if the pain significantly impacts your daily activities, as they can help determine the cause and provide appropriate treatment.
Is having dysmenorrhea normal?
Experiencing some degree of menstrual pain or discomfort is relatively common among menstruating individuals. In fact, primary dysmenorrhea, which is the type of dysmenorrhea not caused by an underlying medical condition, is considered a normal part of the menstrual cycle for many women.
Primary dysmenorrhea affects a significant portion of menstruating individuals, with estimates suggesting that about 50% to 90% of women experience some level of menstrual pain at some point in their lives. It often begins in adolescence after the onset of menstruation and can continue into adulthood. The severity of primary dysmenorrhea can vary from mild to moderate to severe, and its impact on daily life can also differ among individuals.
While some discomfort or mild cramping during menstruation is generally considered normal, it is important to recognize when the pain becomes severe or significantly interferes with daily activities. If the pain is severe, lasts longer than a few days, or is accompanied by other troubling symptoms, it may be indicative of secondary dysmenorrhea or an underlying medical condition. In such cases, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and appropriate management.
It's worth noting that every person's experience with dysmenorrhea can differ, and what is considered "normal" can vary among individuals. If you have concerns about your menstrual pain or its impact on your well-being, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance and support.
What is the main cause of painful periods?
The main cause of painful periods, particularly primary dysmenorrhea, is believed to be the release of chemicals called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that are naturally produced by the lining of the uterus (endometrium). During menstruation, the levels of prostaglandins increase, triggering the uterine muscles to contract and shed the lining.
The contractions caused by prostaglandins help expel the menstrual blood, but in some individuals, the contractions can become more intense and prolonged, leading to pain and discomfort. The higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more severe menstrual cramps.
Other factors that can contribute to painful periods include:
Secondary Dysmenorrhea:
Underlying medical conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or ovarian cysts can cause painful periods. These conditions often involve abnormal tissue growth, inflammation, or structural abnormalities in the reproductive organs, which can lead to increased pain during menstruation.
Hormonal Imbalances:
Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, can contribute to menstrual pain. These imbalances can affect the strength and duration of uterine contractions and increase the sensitivity to pain.
Cervical Stenosis:
Narrowing of the cervix can obstruct the normal flow of menstrual blood, causing increased pressure and pain during menstruation.
Psychological Factors:
Stress, anxiety, and emotional distress can exacerbate the perception of pain and make menstrual cramps feel more intense.
It's important to note that the causes of painful periods can vary among individuals, and multiple factors may contribute to the pain experienced during menstruation. If you have concerns about the severity of your menstrual pain or its impact on your daily life, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and appropriate management.
Why are period cramps so painful?
Period cramps can be painful due to a combination of factors, including the release of prostaglandins, the contractions of the uterine muscles, and the sensitivity of the pain receptors in the pelvic area. Here's a closer look at each of these factors:
■ Prostaglandins:
The lining of the uterus produces prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that play a role in regulating various processes in the body, including inflammation and pain. During menstruation, the levels of prostaglandins increase, causing the muscles in the uterus to contract and shed the lining. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more intense and painful uterine contractions.
■ Uterine contractions:
The contractions of the uterus help expel the menstrual blood. When the uterus contracts, it temporarily reduces blood flow to the uterus, which can lead to oxygen deprivation in the surrounding muscle tissues. This lack of oxygen can trigger the release of additional chemicals that contribute to pain sensations.
■ Sensitivity of pain receptors:
The pelvic region contains many pain receptors, and during menstruation, the uterus contracts and puts pressure on these receptors. The increased sensitivity of these pain receptors can contribute to the perception of pain and make the cramps feel more intense.
Additionally, other factors can exacerbate the pain experienced during menstrual cramps, such as hormonal imbalances, underlying medical conditions like endometriosis or adenomyosis, structural abnormalities in the reproductive organs, and psychological factors like stress or anxiety.
It's worth noting that the severity of period cramps can vary among individuals. While some people may experience mild discomfort, others may have more severe pain that interferes with their daily activities. If you find that your period cramps are significantly impacting your well-being or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and management.
What are the symptoms of painful menstrual cramps?
Painful menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, can manifest with various symptoms. The severity and specific symptoms experienced can vary among individuals. Here are some common symptoms associated with painful menstrual cramps:
● Abdominal pain:
The primary symptom of dysmenorrhea is cramping pain in the lower abdomen. The pain is usually described as a dull or throbbing sensation and is typically located in the lower midline area.
● Back pain:
The pain can also radiate to the lower back, causing discomfort in that area.
● Thigh or leg pain:
Some individuals may experience pain or aching in the thighs or legs during menstrual cramps.
● Intensified pain before or during menstruation:
The pain often begins a day or two before the onset of menstruation and can continue for a few days during the menstrual period. The severity of the pain may vary throughout this timeframe.
● Nausea and vomiting:
Some people with painful menstrual cramps may experience nausea or even vomiting.
● Diarrhea or loose stools:
Cramping in the uterus can affect the nearby digestive organs, leading to changes in bowel movements, such as diarrhea or loose stools.
● Headaches:
Some individuals may experience headaches or migraines in association with their menstrual cramps.
● Fatigue and weakness:
Painful menstrual cramps can cause general feelings of fatigue, weakness, or malaise.
It's important to note that if the pain is severe, persistent, or significantly interferes with daily activities, it may be indicative of an underlying medical condition or secondary dysmenorrhea. Other symptoms, such as heavy or irregular periods, pain during intercourse, or difficulty conceiving, may also suggest an underlying issue. If you are experiencing severe symptoms or have concerns about your menstrual cramps, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate management.
How does secondary dysmenorrhea cause menstrual cramps?
Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is caused by an underlying medical condition. The specific mechanisms by which these underlying conditions lead to menstrual cramps can vary depending on the condition involved. Here are someexamples of how certain conditions associated with secondary dysmenorrhea can cause menstrual cramps:
■ Endometriosis:
In endometriosis, the tissue that lines the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of the uterus, commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic organs. During menstruation, the misplaced endometrial tissue also sheds and bleeds, but since it is outside the uterus, it cannot be expelled from the body. This can lead to inflammation, irritation, and the formation of scar tissue. These factors can cause intense pain and cramping during periods.
■ Uterine fibroids:
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop within or on the walls of the uterus. Depending on their location and size, fibroids can cause increased pressure on the uterus and surrounding tissues. This pressure can lead to more intense and prolonged uterine contractions during menstruation, resulting in severe menstrual cramps.
■ Adenomyosis:
Adenomyosis occurs when the endometrial tissue grows into the muscular walls of the uterus. This can cause the uterus to become enlarged and tender. During menstruation, the trapped and thickened endometrial tissue within the uterine muscle undergoes contractions, leading to severe cramping.
■ Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):
PID is an infection of the reproductive organs, typically caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. The infection causes inflammation and scarring of the pelvic organs. When the uterus contracts during menstruation, the inflammation and scarring can contribute to increased pain and cramping.
■ Ovarian cysts:
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or within the ovaries. Certain types of ovarian cysts, such as those associated with endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can disrupt the normal hormonal balance and lead to more intense and painful menstrual cramps.
It's important to note that these are just a few examples of conditions associated with secondary dysmenorrhea, and the specific mechanisms of pain can differ for each condition. If you suspect you have secondary dysmenorrhea, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation, diagnosis, and appropriate management of the underlying condition.
Who is more likely to have dysmenorrhea?
Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstrual cramps, can affect individuals of reproductive age who menstruate. However, certain factors may increase the likelihood of experiencing dysmenorrhea. Here are some factors that can contribute to a higher likelihood of having dysmenorrhea:
● Age:
Dysmenorrhea is more common in adolescents and young adults. It often starts within a few years after the first menstrual period (menarche) and may improve with age or after childbirth.
● Family history:
If a person has a family history of dysmenorrhea, particularly among their female relatives, they may be more likely to experience it themselves. Genetic factors and shared lifestyle factors within families can contribute to this increased risk.
● Early puberty:
Early onset of puberty (menarche before the age of 11) is associated with a higher likelihood of dysmenorrhea.
● Heavy or irregular periods:
Women who experience heavy menstrual flow or irregular periods may be more prone to dysmenorrhea. Increased menstrual blood volume and hormonal imbalances can contribute to more intense cramps.
● Smoking:
Research suggests that smoking cigarettes increases the likelihood of experiencing dysmenorrhea. Smoking is believed to alter hormone levels and affect blood circulation, potentially worsening menstrual cramps.
● Psychological factors:
Stress, anxiety, and psychological distress can influence the perception of pain and may exacerbate dysmenorrhea symptoms.
It's important to note that dysmenorrhea can occur in individuals with or without underlying medical conditions. Primary dysmenorrhea, which is not caused by an underlying condition, is more common than secondary dysmenorrhea, which is associated with specific medical conditions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease.
If you experience severe or debilitating menstrual cramps or if the pain significantly affects your daily life, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider. They can help determine the cause of the dysmenorrhea and recommend appropriate management options.
Can there be complications of painful periods?
While painful periods (dysmenorrhea) in themselves are not typically considered dangerous, they can sometimes be associated with complications or indicate an underlying medical condition. Here are some potential complications or issues related to painful periods:
■ Decreased quality of life:
Severe menstrual pain can significantly impact a person's quality of life. It may interfere with daily activities, work, school, and social engagements. Painful periods can also lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and emotional distress.
■ Absenteeism or reduced productivity:
Women with severe dysmenorrhea may need to miss school, work, or other commitments due to the intensity of their pain. This can result in reduced productivity and educational or professional setbacks.
■ Impact on relationships and sexuality:
Painful periods can affect intimate relationships and sexual activity. The fear of pain during intercourse and the disruption of normal routines due to pain can strain relationships and reduce sexual satisfaction.
■ Anemia:
If heavy menstrual bleeding accompanies dysmenorrhea, it may lead to iron-deficiency anemia over time. Excessive blood loss during menstruation can deplete iron stores in the body, potentially causing fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms of anemia.
■ Fertility issues:
In some cases, painful periods can be a symptom of an underlying condition that affects fertility, such as endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. If left untreated, these conditions may contribute to difficulties in conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy.
It's important to distinguish between primary dysmenorrhea (without an underlying medical condition) and secondary dysmenorrhea (caused by an underlying condition). If you have concerns about the severity of your menstrual pain or if it significantly impacts your daily life, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider. They can evaluate your symptoms, identify any underlying causes, and provide appropriate treatment or management options to alleviate pain and address potential complications.
How do I tell the difference between normal cramps and dysmenorrhea?
Differentiating between normal cramps and dysmenorrhea can sometimes be challenging, as the intensity and experience of menstrual pain can vary among individuals. However, here are some factors that can help you distinguish between the two:
● Timing and duration:
Normal cramps usually occur during the first few days of menstruation and last for a short period of time, typically one to three days. Dysmenorrhea, on the other hand, is characterized by more prolonged and intense pain that can start before menstruation and persist for several days.
● Severity of pain:
While some discomfort or mild cramping is considered normal during menstruation, dysmenorrhea is associated with more intense and debilitating pain. If your pain significantly interferes with your daily activities, requires medication for relief, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it may indicate dysmenorrhea.
● Response to pain relief:
Normal cramps often respond well to over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. If the pain persists or does not improve with these medications, it could be indicative of dysmenorrhea.
● Impact on daily life:
Normal cramps typically do not disrupt daily routines or significantly affect a person's ability to carry out their regular activities. Dysmenorrhea, however, can cause significant disruption, leading to missed school or work days and interference with social or recreational activities.
● Presence of other symptoms:
Dysmenorrhea may be accompanied by other symptoms like back pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or fatigue. If you experience these additional symptoms along with severe menstrual pain, it could be an indication of dysmenorrhea.
It's important to note that if you are unsure or have concerns about your menstrual pain, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider. They can evaluate your symptoms, perform any necessary examinations or tests, and provide an accurate diagnosis. They will also be able to recommend appropriate management options to alleviate your pain and address any underlying conditions, if present.
How can you relieve menstrual cramps?
There are several approaches to relieve menstrual cramps, and the effectiveness of each method can vary among individuals. Here are some common strategies that may help alleviate menstrual cramps:
■ Pain medication:
Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, or aspirin can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain associated with menstrual cramps. It's generally recommended to take these medications as soon as the cramps start or even a day before expected menstruation to preemptively manage the pain.
■ Heat therapy:
Applying heat to the lower abdomen can help relax the uterine muscles and reduce cramping. Use a heating pad, hot water bottle, or take a warm bath to provide soothing heat to the affected area.
■ Gentle exercise:
Engaging in light physical activity, such as walking or gentle stretching, can help increase blood circulation and release endorphins, which act as natural painkillers. However, avoid strenuous exercises that could worsen the pain or discomfort.
■ Relaxation techniques:
Practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga may help manage menstrual cramps. These techniques can promote relaxation, reduce stress, and potentially ease the intensity of the pain.
■ Dietary modifications:
Some individuals find that certain dietary changes can help reduce menstrual cramps. Eating a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support overall health and may contribute to better menstrual health. Some people also find that reducing their consumption of caffeine, alcohol, and salty or processed foods can help alleviate symptoms.
■ Herbal remedies:
Certain herbal remedies, such as chamomile tea or ginger, are thought to have anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before trying any herbal remedies, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.
■ Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS):
TENS is a therapy that involves applying low-level electrical currents to specific areas of the body to relieve pain. It can be done with a TENS unit, which is a small, battery-operated device. Applying TENS to the lower abdomen may provide pain relief for some individuals with menstrual cramps.
It's worth noting that if your menstrual cramps are severe, persist despite trying these self-care measures, or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider. They can assess your symptoms, provide a proper diagnosis, and offer additional treatment options, such as prescription medications or hormonal therapies, to help manage your menstrual cramps effectively.
What types of alternative therapies help with period cramps?
Alternative therapies are often sought by individuals looking for non-medical approaches to manage period cramps. While scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of these therapies for menstrual cramps varies, some people find them helpful. Here are some alternative therapies that are commonly used:
● Acupuncture:
This traditional Chinese medicine technique involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. Acupuncture may help alleviate menstrual cramps by promoting relaxation, improving blood flow, and releasing endorphins.
● Herbal remedies:
Certain herbs and herbal supplements are believed to have properties that can help with menstrual cramps. For example, herbal teas containing ingredients like chamomile, ginger, or peppermint are thought to have anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before using herbal remedies, as they may have interactions with other medications or underlying health conditions.
● Aromatherapy:
The use of essential oils, such as lavender, clary sage, or rosemary, in aromatherapy may help with relaxation and pain relief. Inhalation or gentle massage with diluted essential oils may provide a calming effect during menstrual cramps.
● Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS):
TENS therapy, which involves using a small device to deliver low-level electrical currents to the skin, can be used as an alternative approach to manage menstrual cramps. It is believed to help by blocking pain signals and promoting the release of endorphins.
● Mind-body techniques:
Practices like meditation, deep breathing exercises, guided imagery, and yoga may help reduce stress, promote relaxation, and alleviate menstrual cramps for some individuals. These techniques can help manage pain perception and improve overall well-being.
● Dietary supplements:
Some dietary supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin E, and magnesium, are believed to have potential benefits for reducing menstrual pain. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any supplements, as they may interact with other medications or have adverse effects in certain individuals.
Remember, the effectiveness of alternative therapies can vary among individuals, and what works for one person may not work for another. It's essential to discuss any alternative therapies with a healthcare provider to ensure they are safe for you and to avoid potential interactions with other treatments or medications. Additionally, alternative therapies should not replace medical advice or prescribed treatments, especially if you have an underlying medical condition contributing to your menstrual cramps.
Can I prevent dysmenorrhea?
While it may not be possible to completely prevent dysmenorrhea, there are steps you can take to potentially reduce the severity of menstrual cramps and manage the associated discomfort. Here are some strategies that may help:
■ Maintain a healthy lifestyle:
Adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to overall well-being and potentially alleviate menstrual cramps. This includes eating a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, getting enough sleep, and managing stress levels. These lifestyle factors can help promote hormonal balance, reduce inflammation, and support overall menstrual health.
■ Stay hydrated:
Drinking an adequate amount of water throughout the day can help maintain hydration and potentially ease menstrual cramps. Proper hydration supports overall bodily functions and can help with muscle relaxation and circulation.
■ Apply heat:
Applying heat to the lower abdomen can help relax the uterine muscles and provide relief from menstrual cramps. You can use a heating pad, hot water bottle, warm towel, or take a warm bath to apply heat to the area.
■ Consider hormonal contraceptives:
Hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills, patches, or intrauterine devices (IUDs), can help regulate hormone levels and potentially reduce the severity of menstrual cramps. They work by suppressing ovulation and thinning the uterine lining. Consult with a healthcare provider to discuss the most suitable contraceptive options for you.
■ Manage stress:
Stress can exacerbate menstrual symptoms, including cramps. Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as exercise, meditation, deep breathing, or relaxation techniques can help manage stress levels and potentially alleviate menstrual discomfort.
■ Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption:
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have been associated with increased menstrual pain. If you smoke, consider quitting, and limit your alcohol intake to promote overall menstrual health.
■ Consult with a healthcare provider:
If your menstrual cramps are severe, persistent, or significantly affect your daily life, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider. They can assess your symptoms, identify any underlying conditions, and recommend appropriate treatment options or management strategies tailored to your specific needs.
It's important to remember that dysmenorrhea can have various causes, and the effectiveness of preventive measures may vary among individuals. Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance based on your specific circumstances.
When should you contact your healthcare provider about menstrual cramps?
It is generally recommended to contact your healthcare provider about menstrual cramps if:
● Severe pain:
If your menstrual cramps are severe and significantly interfere with your daily activities, despite trying self-care measures and over-the-counter pain relief options.
● Debilitating symptoms:
If your menstrual cramps are accompanied by other debilitating symptoms such as excessive bleeding, dizziness, fainting, severe nausea or vomiting, or intense pelvic pain.
● Sudden change in symptoms:
If you experience a sudden change in the pattern or intensity of your menstrual cramps or if the pain becomes progressively worse over time.
● Symptoms that worsen with age:
If your menstrual cramps persist into adulthood and worsen with age, especially if they develop later in life after previously having pain-free periods.
● Disruption of daily life:
If your menstrual cramps significantly disrupt your ability to carry out your normal activities, such as attending school or work regularly, participating in social events, or engaging in physical activities.
● Suspected underlying condition:
If you suspect that an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or uterine fibroids, may be causing your menstrual cramps. Symptoms such as severe pain, heavy bleeding, irregular periods, or pain during intercourse could indicate the presence of an underlying condition.
● Request for additional management options:
If you have tried self-care measures and over-the-counter pain relief options without significant improvement and would like to explore additional treatment options or management strategies for your menstrual cramps.
Remember, your healthcare provider is the best person to evaluate your symptoms, provide a proper diagnosis, and offer appropriate treatment options based on your individual circumstances. They can perform a thorough examination, order diagnostic tests if necessary, and help address any underlying conditions that may be contributing to your menstrual cramps.
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